An electronic nose used to detect the presence of molecules in the breath of a patient could be used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea. A new study, “Detection of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea by an Electronic Nose” in the European Respiratory Journal, could make the diagnosis of the condition quick and inexpensive compared to current methods.
The gold standard used to identify sleep apnea is an overnight sleep test. This is technically demanding, time-consuming and cost-intensive. But electronic nose devices have been shown to distinguish between a number of diseases; they do this by analyzing the pattern of volatile organic compounds in breath samples. This is the first study that has assessed whether the electronic nose could be used to confirm the presence of sleep apnea.
Researchers analyzed the breath of 40 sleep apnea patients and 20 healthy controls. Sleep apnea is associated with inflammation in the upper airways, which the researchers suggested could be detected by analysis of the exhaled breath of the patients. The study also aimed to assess whether the electronic nose could detect the effects of the standard treatment for sleep apnea i.e. continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).
The researchers performed questionnaires and sleep examinations to confirm sleep apnea in 40 patients. They also collected throat washings from patients to measure any improvement in their condition following treatment with CPAP. The researchers then used a statistical analysis model to calculate the accuracy of the electronic nose.
The results found that the electronic nose could effectively diagnose sleep apnea. The statistical analysis showed that sleep apnea was detected with a sensitivity of 93%.
Source: Science Codex
