Mission
Sleep Diagnosis and Therapy Journal is a clinical publication exemplifying professional excellence in upper airway, breathing and sleep issues in the burgeoning field of sleep medicine. In order to achieve its vision, the Mission is to:
- Act as an Advocate for patients and healthcare practitioners in the field of Sleep Medicine
- Educate allied Sleep Professionals, Sleep physicians, Pulmonologists, Otolaryngologists, Cardiologists, other medical specialists (e.g. Neurologists, etc.), respiratory therapists, oral myofunctional therapists, chiropractors, osteopaths, physical therapists, naturopaths, dietitians, nutritional counselors, etc. in the field of Dental Sleep Medicine
- Establish the sub-specialty of Sleep Medicine by collaborating with regulatory bodies, legal counsel, credentialing organizations and similar entities
- Support the sub-specialty Sleep Medicine by arranging and implementing Board Examinations via an ASBA Board of Examiners
- Promote the emerging specialty of Sleep Medicine by collaborating with healthcare bodies, such as the Center for Disease Control, medical insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid and similar entities
- Collaborate with other professional bodies, such as the World Sleep Society, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Dental Association and similar entities
- Liaise with the National Football League, the US military, transport workers’ associations and similar entities to raise awareness of the emerging specialty of Sleep Medicine in special risk populations
- Identify reviewed and approved dental laboratories, sleep laboratories and similar entities that support the specialty of Sleep Medicine
- Cooperate in research and development with appropriate bodies.
- Encourage education in Sleep Medicine in Medical Schools, Dental Schools, Hospitals, Medical and Dental Conferences, etc.
Sleep
The field of sleep medicine is constantly evolving as more research is being conducted to better understand the symptoms, causes, and best treatments for sleep disorders.
How Sleep Disorders are Classified
The ICSD was put together for the purpose to “discriminate between disorders and to facilitate an understanding of symptoms, etiology, and pathophysiology that allows for appropriate treatment”. Since the release of the first edition in 1990, the ICSD published a 2nd edition in 2005, and is now on its 3rd edition, published in 2014.
The updated 3rd edition now classifies sleep disorders under 6 major categories: insomnia, sleep related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep related movement disorders.
The ICSD-3 Sleep Disorder Categories
Insomnia
The ICSD-3 defines insomnia as “a repeated difficulty with sleep initiation, duration, consolidation, or quality that occurs despite adequate opportunity and circumstances for sleep, and results in some form of daytime impairment.”
The ICSD-3 groups insomnia into 4 major categories listed below.
– Chronic insomnia disorder
– Short-term insomnia disorder
– Other insomnia disorder
– Isolated symptoms and normal variant
Sleep-related breathing disorders
These disorders are divided into those of central origin (characterized by a lack of breathing effort) and those caused by an obstruction of the airways.
– Obstructive sleep apnea, adult
– Obstructive sleep apnea, pediatric
– Central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing
– Central sleep apnea due to a medical disorder w/o Cheyne-Stokes breathing
– Central sleep apnea due to high altitude periodic breathing
– Central sleep apnea due to medication or substance
– Primary central sleep apnea
– Primary central sleep apnea of infancy
– Primary central sleep apnea of prematurity
Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea
-Sleep-related hypoventilation disorders
– Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
– Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome
– Late-onset central hypoventilation with hypothalamic dysfunction
– Idiopathic central alveolar hypoventilation
– Sleep-related hypoventilation due to medication or substance
– Sleep-related hypoventilation due to medical disorder
– Sleep-related hypoxemia disorder
– Isolated symptoms and normal variant
– Snoring
Central disorders of hypersomnolence
The ICSD-3 categorizes this class of sleep disorders as those in which “the primary complaint is daytime sleepiness not caused by disturbed nocturnal sleep or misaligned circadian rhythms.”
– Narcolepsy type I
– Narcolepsy type II
– Idiopathic hypersomnia
– Kleine-Levin syndrome
– Hypersomnia due to a medical disorder
– Hypersomnia due to a medication or substance
– Hypersomnia associated with a psychiatric disorder
– Insufficient sleep syndrome
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
These disorders are characterized by a disturbance or disruption to the normal circadian rhythm, which causes patients to experience excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, or both.
– Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder
– Advanced sleep-wake phase disorder
– Irregular sleep-wake rhythm
– Non-24-hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder
– Shift work disorder
– Jet lag disorder
– Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)
Parasomnias
A parasomnia is an unwanted physical movement or action during sleep. This group of disorders is classified by disorders or arousal from NREM sleep, those associated with REM sleep, and other parasomnias.
NREM-related parasomnias
Disorders of arousal from NREM sleep
Confusional arousals
Sleepwalking
Sleep terrors
Sleep-related eating disorders
REM-related parasomnias
– REM sleep behavior disorder
– Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
– Nightmare disorder
Other parasomnias
– Exploding head syndrome
– Sleep-related hallucinations
– Sleep enuresis
– Parasomnia due to medical disorder
– Parasomnia due to medication or substance
– Parasomnia, unspecified
– Isolated symptoms and normal variants
– Sleep talking
Sleep-related movement disorders
This class of disorders is characterized by simple, often repetitive movements during sleep or wake that can disrupt the sleep of the patient, the patient’s bed partner, or both.
– Restless leg syndrome
– Periodic limb movement disorder
– Sleep related leg cramps
– Sleep-related bruxism
– Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder
– Benign sleep myoclonus of infancy
– Propriospinal myoclonus at sleep onset
– Sleep-related movement disorder due to medical disorder
– Sleep-related movement disorder due to medication or substance
-Sleep-related movement disorder, unspecified